Is it permissible to say: Do you believe in this thing? For example: Do you believe in science, or is belief only for Allah and His Messenger? No, belief.

We say belief in Allah, His angels, and His books—the belief that is religion.

The belief that is religion is in what Allah has commanded, but belief in the sense of affirmation.

Meaning, you affirm science, you affirm electricity, you affirm the telephone, yes, you affirm it.

This belief in these things is in the sense of affirmation, but believing in them in such a way that if the telephone didn't exist, I would disbelieve.

But if someone does not believe in Allah or His angels, he disbelieves.

He intercedes, he is not a disbeliever, so this faith is in the sense of affirmation.

There is nothing wrong. But faith for which a person will be held accountable by Allah, no, he will not be held accountable for it by Allah, the Exalted.